From 8039ad7935732f3531fc2e6ddcc05a50fbe2dccff8f9c0ef46f9445d113ed4f0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: brent saner <brent.saner@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 28 Aug 2025 07:38:42 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] initial publication

---
 .gitignore                 |  36 +++
 LICENSE                    | 427 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 LICENSE.html               | 475 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 README.adoc                | 614 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 examples/de.go             |  74 +++++
 examples/extractversion.go |  64 ++++
 examples/frag.go           |  75 +++++
 examples/hasflag.go        |  59 ++++
 examples/vihl.go           |  73 +++++
 examples/vtf.go            |  85 +++++
 10 files changed, 1982 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .gitignore
 create mode 100644 LICENSE
 create mode 100644 LICENSE.html
 create mode 100644 README.adoc
 create mode 100644 examples/de.go
 create mode 100644 examples/extractversion.go
 create mode 100644 examples/frag.go
 create mode 100644 examples/hasflag.go
 create mode 100644 examples/vihl.go
 create mode 100644 examples/vtf.go

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d614a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+*.7z
+*.bak
+*.deb
+*.jar
+*.rar
+*.run
+*.sig
+*.tar
+*.tar.bz2
+*.tar.gz
+*.tar.xz
+*.tbz
+*.tbz2
+*.tgz
+*.txz
+*.zip
+.*.swp
+.editix
+.idea/
+
+# https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/master/Go.gitignore
+# Binaries for programs and plugins
+*.exe
+*.exe~
+*.dll
+*.so
+*.dylib
+
+# Test binary, built with `go test -c`
+*.test
+
+# Output of the go coverage tool, specifically when used with LiteIDE
+*.out
+
+# Dependency directories (remove the comment below to include it)
+# vendor/
diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e806fbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,427 @@
+Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
+
+=======================================================================
+
+Creative Commons Corporation ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and
+does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of
+Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or
+other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related
+information available on an "as-is" basis. Creative Commons gives no
+warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their
+terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons
+disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the
+fullest extent possible.
+
+Using Creative Commons Public Licenses
+
+Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and
+conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share
+original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright
+and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The
+following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not
+exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.
+
+     Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are
+     intended for use by those authorized to give the public
+     permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by
+     copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are
+     irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms
+     and conditions of the license they choose before applying it.
+     Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before
+     applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the
+     material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any
+     material not subject to the license. This includes other CC-
+     licensed material, or material used under an exception or
+     limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors:
+    wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors
+
+     Considerations for the public: By using one of our public
+     licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the
+     licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If
+     the licensor's permission is not necessary for any reason--for
+     example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to
+     copyright--then that use is not regulated by the license. Our
+     licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain
+     other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of
+     the licensed material may still be restricted for other
+     reasons, including because others have copyright or other
+     rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests,
+     such as asking that all changes be marked or described.
+     Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to
+     respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations
+     for the public:
+    wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensees
+
+=======================================================================
+
+Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public
+License
+
+By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree
+to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons
+Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License ("Public
+License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a
+contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your
+acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You
+such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from
+making the Licensed Material available under these terms and
+conditions.
+
+
+Section 1 -- Definitions.
+
+  a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar
+     Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material
+     and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered,
+     arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring
+     permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the
+     Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed
+     Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording,
+     Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is
+     synched in timed relation with a moving image.
+
+  b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright
+     and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in
+     accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.
+
+  c. BY-SA Compatible License means a license listed at
+     creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative
+     Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.
+
+  d. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights
+     closely related to copyright including, without limitation,
+     performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database
+     Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or
+     categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights
+     specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar
+     Rights.
+
+  e. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the
+     absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws
+     fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright
+     Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international
+     agreements.
+
+  f. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or
+     any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights
+     that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.
+
+  g. License Elements means the license attributes listed in the name
+     of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this
+     Public License are Attribution and ShareAlike.
+
+  h. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database,
+     or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public
+     License.
+
+  i. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the
+     terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to
+     all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the
+     Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.
+
+  j. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights
+     under this Public License.
+
+  k. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or
+     process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such
+     as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution,
+     dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material
+     available to the public including in ways that members of the
+     public may access the material from a place and at a time
+     individually chosen by them.
+
+  l. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright
+     resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of
+     the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases,
+     as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially
+     equivalent rights anywhere in the world.
+
+  m. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights
+     under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.
+
+
+Section 2 -- Scope.
+
+  a. License grant.
+
+       1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License,
+          the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free,
+          non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to
+          exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:
+
+            a. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or
+               in part; and
+
+            b. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.
+
+       2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where
+          Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public
+          License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with
+          its terms and conditions.
+
+       3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section
+          6(a).
+
+       4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The
+          Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in
+          all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created,
+          and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The
+          Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or
+          authority to forbid You from making technical modifications
+          necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including
+          technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective
+          Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License,
+          simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)
+          (4) never produces Adapted Material.
+
+       5. Downstream recipients.
+
+            a. Offer from the Licensor -- Licensed Material. Every
+               recipient of the Licensed Material automatically
+               receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the
+               Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this
+               Public License.
+
+            b. Additional offer from the Licensor -- Adapted Material.
+               Every recipient of Adapted Material from You
+               automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to
+               exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material
+               under the conditions of the Adapter's License You apply.
+
+            c. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose
+               any additional or different terms or conditions on, or
+               apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the
+               Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the
+               Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed
+               Material.
+
+       6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or
+          may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You
+          are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected
+          with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by,
+          the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as
+          provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).
+
+  b. Other rights.
+
+       1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not
+          licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity,
+          privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to
+          the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to
+          assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited
+          extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed
+          Rights, but not otherwise.
+
+       2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this
+          Public License.
+
+       3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to
+          collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed
+          Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society
+          under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory
+          licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly
+          reserves any right to collect such royalties.
+
+
+Section 3 -- License Conditions.
+
+Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the
+following conditions.
+
+  a. Attribution.
+
+       1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified
+          form), You must:
+
+            a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor
+               with the Licensed Material:
+
+                 i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed
+                    Material and any others designated to receive
+                    attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by
+                    the Licensor (including by pseudonym if
+                    designated);
+
+                ii. a copyright notice;
+
+               iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;
+
+                iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of
+                    warranties;
+
+                 v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the
+                    extent reasonably practicable;
+
+            b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and
+               retain an indication of any previous modifications; and
+
+            c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this
+               Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or
+               hyperlink to, this Public License.
+
+       2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any
+          reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in
+          which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be
+          reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or
+          hyperlink to a resource that includes the required
+          information.
+
+       3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the
+          information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent
+          reasonably practicable.
+
+  b. ShareAlike.
+
+     In addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share
+     Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.
+
+       1. The Adapter's License You apply must be a Creative Commons
+          license with the same License Elements, this version or
+          later, or a BY-SA Compatible License.
+
+       2. You must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the
+          Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition
+          in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and
+          context in which You Share Adapted Material.
+
+       3. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms
+          or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological
+          Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the
+          rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.
+
+
+Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.
+
+Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that
+apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:
+
+  a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right
+     to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial
+     portion of the contents of the database;
+
+  b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database
+     contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database
+     Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database
+     Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material,
+     including for purposes of Section 3(b); and
+
+  c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share
+     all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.
+
+For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not
+replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed
+Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.
+
+
+Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.
+
+  a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE
+     EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS
+     AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF
+     ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS,
+     IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
+     WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+     PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS,
+     ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT
+     KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT
+     ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
+
+  b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE
+     TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
+     NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT,
+     INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES,
+     COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR
+     USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN
+     ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR
+     DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR
+     IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
+
+  c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided
+     above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent
+     possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and
+     waiver of all liability.
+
+
+Section 6 -- Term and Termination.
+
+  a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and
+     Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with
+     this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License
+     terminate automatically.
+
+  b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under
+     Section 6(a), it reinstates:
+
+       1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided
+          it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the
+          violation; or
+
+       2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.
+
+     For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any
+     right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations
+     of this Public License.
+
+  c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the
+     Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop
+     distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so
+     will not terminate this Public License.
+
+  d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public
+     License.
+
+
+Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.
+
+  a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different
+     terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.
+
+  b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the
+     Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and
+     independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.
+
+
+Section 8 -- Interpretation.
+
+  a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and
+     shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose
+     conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully
+     be made without permission under this Public License.
+
+  b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is
+     deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the
+     minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision
+     cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License
+     without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and
+     conditions.
+
+  c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no
+     failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the
+     Licensor.
+
+  d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted
+     as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities
+     that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal
+     processes of any jurisdiction or authority.
+
+
+=======================================================================
+
+Creative Commons is not a party to its public
+licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of
+its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances
+will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons
+public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public
+Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that
+material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as
+otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at
+creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the
+use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo
+of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including,
+without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications
+to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements,
+understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For
+the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the
+public licenses.
+
+Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.
diff --git a/LICENSE.html b/LICENSE.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f825366
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE.html
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+    <head>
+        <meta charset="utf-8">
+        <title>AnnNet Specification License</title>
+        <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"> -->
+        <!-- <script src="script.js"></script> -->
+    </head>
+    <body>
+        <p>
+            <a property="dct:title"
+               rel="cc:attributionURL"
+               href="https://annnet.io">
+                AnnNet Specification
+            </a> by
+            <a rel="cc:attributionURL dct:creator"
+               property="cc:attributionName"
+               href="https://r00t2.io">
+                Brent Saner
+            </a> is licensed under:
+            <br />
+            <br />
+            <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1"
+               target="_blank"
+               rel="license noopener noreferrer"
+               style="display:inline-block;">
+                Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
+                <br />
+                <img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
+                     src="https://mirrors.creativecommons.org/presskit/icons/cc.svg?ref=chooser-v1"
+                     alt="">
+                <img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
+                     src="https://mirrors.creativecommons.org/presskit/icons/by.svg?ref=chooser-v1"
+                     alt="">
+            <img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
+                 src="https://mirrors.creativecommons.org/presskit/icons/sa.svg?ref=chooser-v1"
+                 alt=""></a>
+        </p>
+
+        <p>
+            <details>
+                <summary>(License in full)</summary>
+                <pre>
+Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
+
+=======================================================================
+
+Creative Commons Corporation ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and
+does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of
+Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or
+other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related
+information available on an "as-is" basis. Creative Commons gives no
+warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their
+terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons
+disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the
+fullest extent possible.
+
+Using Creative Commons Public Licenses
+
+Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and
+conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share
+original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright
+and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The
+following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not
+exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.
+
+     Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are
+     intended for use by those authorized to give the public
+     permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by
+     copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are
+     irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms
+     and conditions of the license they choose before applying it.
+     Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before
+     applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the
+     material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any
+     material not subject to the license. This includes other CC-
+     licensed material, or material used under an exception or
+     limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors:
+    wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors
+
+     Considerations for the public: By using one of our public
+     licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the
+     licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If
+     the licensor's permission is not necessary for any reason--for
+     example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to
+     copyright--then that use is not regulated by the license. Our
+     licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain
+     other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of
+     the licensed material may still be restricted for other
+     reasons, including because others have copyright or other
+     rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests,
+     such as asking that all changes be marked or described.
+     Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to
+     respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations
+     for the public:
+    wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensees
+
+=======================================================================
+
+Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public
+License
+
+By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree
+to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons
+Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License ("Public
+License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a
+contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your
+acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You
+such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from
+making the Licensed Material available under these terms and
+conditions.
+
+
+Section 1 -- Definitions.
+
+  a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar
+     Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material
+     and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered,
+     arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring
+     permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the
+     Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed
+     Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording,
+     Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is
+     synched in timed relation with a moving image.
+
+  b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright
+     and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in
+     accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.
+
+  c. BY-SA Compatible License means a license listed at
+     creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative
+     Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.
+
+  d. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights
+     closely related to copyright including, without limitation,
+     performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database
+     Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or
+     categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights
+     specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar
+     Rights.
+
+  e. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the
+     absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws
+     fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright
+     Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international
+     agreements.
+
+  f. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or
+     any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights
+     that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.
+
+  g. License Elements means the license attributes listed in the name
+     of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this
+     Public License are Attribution and ShareAlike.
+
+  h. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database,
+     or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public
+     License.
+
+  i. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the
+     terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to
+     all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the
+     Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.
+
+  j. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights
+     under this Public License.
+
+  k. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or
+     process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such
+     as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution,
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+            </details>
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+</html>
diff --git a/README.adoc b/README.adoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f95fcad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.adoc
@@ -0,0 +1,614 @@
+////
+ AnnNet Specification © 2025 by Brent Saner is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
+////
+
+= AnnNet Specification
+Brent Saner <bts@square-r00t.net>
+Last rendered {localdatetime}
+:doctype: book
+:docinfo: shared
+:data-uri:
+:imagesdir: images
+:sectlinks:
+:sectnums:
+:sectnumlevels: 7
+:toc: preamble
+:toc2: left
+:idprefix:
+:toclevels: 7
+//:toclevels: 4
+:source-highlighter: rouge
+:docinfo: shared
+:allmeta: _meta
+:allrules: _rules
+
+[id="license"]
+== License
+
+++++
+include::LICENSE.html[]
+++++
+
+In a nutshell, this means any may:
+
+* Use it in commercial/proprietary/internal works...
+* Expand upon/change the specification...
+** (As long as it is released under the same Creative Commons license)
+
+As long as you attribute the original (this document). This can be as simple as something like:
+
+====
+Based on AnnNet version <protocol version> as found at https://annnet.io/.
+====
+
+More details certainly helps, though; you may want to mention the exact date you "forked" it, etc.
+
+Please see the full text as collapsed above or https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.en[the online version^] of the license for full legal copy.
+
+NOTE: In the event of the embedded text in this document differing from the online version, the online version is assumed to take precedence as the valid license applicable to this work.
+
+[id="lib"]
+== Reference Library
+The AnnNet Protocol is accompanied by a reference library for Golang, https://pkg.go.dev/r00t2.io/annnet["AnnNet"^] (https://git.r00t2.io/r00t2/go_annnet[_source_^]):
+
+++++
+<a href="https://pkg.go.dev/go.pkg.dev/r00t2.io/annnet">
+    <img src="https://pkg.go.dev/badge/go.pkg.dev/r00t2.io/annnet.svg"
+         alt="Go Reference">
+</a>
+<br />
+<br />
+++++
+
+It contains a reference "client" (listener), https://pkg.go.dev/r00t2.io/annnet/annie[`annie`^] (https://git.r00t2.io/r00t2/go_annnet/src/branch/master/cmd/annie[_source_^]), and a reference "server" (announcer), https://pkg.go.dev/r00t2.io/annnet/anna[`anna`^] (https://git.r00t2.io/r00t2/go_annnet/src/branch/master/cmd/annie[_source_^]).
+
+Additional reference libraries may be available in the future.
+
+[id="disclaimer"]
+== Disclaimer
+
+[id="disc_proto"]
+=== The AnnNet Protocol
+This specification is provided as-is with no guarantees or obligations from this specification's author(s).
+
+The author(s) is/are not held liable for any damages caused by implementation/use of this protocol.
+
+The AnnNet specification is subject to change, but changes are not considered definitive nor effective until/unless tied with/to a specific released version.
+
+[id="disc_ref"]
+=== References
+Many outside references are made throughout this document.
+
+* The author(s) is/are not sponsored by, contribute to, nor condone any of the resources mentioned unless otherwise specified.
+* The author(s) is/are not sponsored by, nor member(s),contributor(s), or sponsor of, nor condone any organizations or other entities listed or their actions unless otherwise specified.
+
+References are suggested as-is with no guarantees or obligations from this specification's author(s).
+
+[id="proto"]
+== Protocol
+The AnnNet (pronounced like the woman's name "Annette") protocol is an announcement/query protocol designed for unspecified hosts on a local network. It is a shorthand for __"the **Ann**ouncement **Net**work Protocol"__.
+
+AnnNet is designed to operate with or without IP addressing being available, as it can operate on layer 2, layer 3, or both to unknown/unspecified destinations.
+
+It is intended as a sort of "announcement" mechanism for sending messages to all hosts on a *locally-linked* (or *single-organization-controlled*) network (such as bootstrapping large-scale layer 3 services/clusters). It was designed with service/implementation-specific host discovery in mind, though other uses are possible.
+
+It is recommended that it is only used *sparingly* for *small* messages (such as cluster *bootstrapping* for new members or initial cluster assembly). _Operational_ messages should occur on a well-defined transport layer (e.g. TCP). +
+It is important to avoid the temptation of simply implementing ALL of a service's communication via AnnNet, as this can quite easily overwhelm the physical network's limitations as hosts participating in its communication grows. See the FAQ/FUQ entry <<fq_proto>> for suggestions on how to manage actual service communication instead.
+
+[NOTE]
+====
+The https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model[OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model^] is going to be referenced a fair bit in this document.
+
+The linked Wikipedia article is a fantastic primer on it with a plethora of useful links, but if you'd like to read the authoritative material that'd be https://www.iso.org/standard/20269.html[ISO/IEC 7498-1:1994^].
+
+ISO/IEC 7498-1:1994 is one of the free-as-in-beer-for-digital-copy ISO/IEC standards available, provided you have an ISO account -- which is also free to create and use. You can use the _Register_ link at the bottom of https://www.iso.org/webstore/login[ISO's Webstore login^] to create a new purchasing account.
+
+[[tcpip_guide]]Another fantastic reference for the OSI model (and all things networking) is http://www.tcpipguide.com/[the TCP/IP Guide^] by Charles M. Kozierok. __(I am not sponsored by nor condone the material found in that re)__
+
+It is available:
+
+* In its entirety for free (-as-in-beer) http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/index.htm[online^] (if you don't mind the large amount of ads)
+** Note that the online version may not map perfectly to the print/PDF versions, and may have different wording.
+** I (Brent) highly recommend supporting the author by either using the donation links at the bottom of that page or purchasing/licensing a donwloaded PDF or print copy, see below.
+* By purchasing a PDF download http://www.tcpipguide.com/la.htm[directly from the author^]
+** Which also allows for http://www.tcpipguide.com/pricing.htm[bulk licensing^] of the e-book for orginaztional use.
+* By purchasing a print and/or PDF copy https://nostarch.com/tcpip.htm[from No Starch Press^]
+**  As expected with all other No Starch Press book purchases, a print copy comes with a free digital/e-book copy.
+
+I (Brent) have a physical copy from No Starch Press. I find myself referencing the PDF much more often, as it has some very useful document linking within it, but moreso because the print copy is a *behemoth* and is very bulky for anything but a bookshelf and seated-at-a-table reading/research!
+
+The OSI model is covered in the *TCP/IP Guide* in _Part I-2_ (chapters *5* to *7* inclusive), starting on _p.79_. +
+If using the online version, _Part I-2_ is summarized/starts http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_TheOpenSystemInterconnectionOSIReferenceModel.htm[here^].
+====
+
+[id="spec"]
+== Specification
+AnnNet supports two "sub-protocols":
+
+* <<spec_link>>
+* <<spec_bcast>>
+
+Both make use of the <<spec_msg_pfx>>, though in different places of the frame/packet depending on their implementation. See each sub-protocol below for details.
+
+[id="spec_msg"]
+=== AnnNet Message Format
+The general format of an AnnNet message (excluding leading/surrounding/trailing frames, headers, etc.) is:
+
+.AnnNet Message
+[cols="^.^1s,^.^2s"]
+|===
+| <<spec_msg_pfx>> (5 Bytes) | <<spec_msg_payload>>
+|===
+
+[id="spec_msg_pfx"]
+==== Standard Prefix
+AnnNet defines a specific prefix that must be added before a message. While AnnNet does not dictate the contents of the *payload* in any way, all AnnNet messages must contain this prefix.
+
+In <<spec_link>>, it immediately follows the EtherType value.
+
+In <<spec_bcast>>, it immediately follows the IPv4/IPv6 header.
+
+In its current form, this is:
+
+.AnnNet Prefix
+[cols="^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s"]
+|===
+4+| <<spec_msg_pfx_ver>> |
+| <<spec_msg_pfx_ver_maj>> | <<spec_msg_pfx_ver_min>> | <<spec_msg_pfx_ver_patch>> | <<spec_msg_pfx_ver_flags>> | <<spec_msg_pfx_len>>
+|===
+
+[id="spec_msg_pfx_ver"]
+===== Version
+
+[cols="^.^1m,^.^3",options="header"]
+|===
+| Length (Octets/Bytes) | Type
+| 4 | Big-Endian Unsigned 32-Bit Integer/Container
+|===
+
+The *Version* field matches the version of AnnNet being used.
+
+Because AnnNet follows https://semver.org/[Semantic Versioning^] (v2.0.0) for its specification, this can either be treated as an abstract container (hereafter a "byte-slice version" in this spec) of individual bytes indicating each version sub-field or treated as a whole (hereafter a "single-value version" in this spec).
+
+Thus for example, when determing how to parse the following fields from an AnnNet message if incompatible structuring changes are introduced, one can either:
+
+* Perform a version comparison sequentially (e.g. via first parsing and comparing the <<spec_msg_pfx_ver_maj>>, and then moving on to the <<spec_msg_pfx_ver_min>>, and so forth) for a byte-slice version
+* Or for a single-value version, a direct integer comparison -- for example, if a single-value *Version* is greater than or equal to `16777216` to check if it is greater than or equal to version `1.0.0` of AnnNet (`16777216` being equal to `0x01`, `0x00`, `0x00`, `0x00`, or more properly `0x01000000`, when big-endian decoded).
+
+[TIP]
+====
+Bit-shifting can be used to extract individual version fields from a single-value version.
+
+[%collapsible]
+.Example in Go
+=====
+.`examples/extractversion.go`
+[source,go]
+----
+include::examples/extractversion.go[]
+----
+=====
+====
+
+[id="spec_msg_pfx_ver_maj"]
+====== Major
+
+[cols="^.^1m,^.^3",options="header"]
+|===
+| Length (Octets/Bytes) | Type
+| 1 | Unsigned 8-Bit Integer
+|===
+
+The *Major* is the first byte in *Version* (if interpreted as a byte slice and not a big-endian unsigned 32-bit integer).
+
+[id="spec_msg_pfx_ver_min"]
+====== Minor
+
+[cols="^.^1m,^.^3",options="header"]
+|===
+| Length (Octets/Bytes) | Type
+| 1 | Unsigned 8-Bit Integer
+|===
+
+The *Minor* is the second byte in *Version* (if interpreted as a byte slice and not a big-endian unsigned 32-bit integer).
+
+[id="spec_msg_pfx_ver_patch"]
+====== Patch
+
+[cols="^.^1m,^.^3",options="header"]
+|===
+| Length (Octets/Bytes) | Type
+| 1 | Unsigned 8-Bit Integer
+|===
+
+The *Patch* is the third byte in *Version* (if interpreted as a byte slice and not a big-endian unsigned 32-bit integer).
+
+[NOTE]
+====
+The "patch" in SemVer may be more accurate to think of it as a "revision" than a "patch", but the term "revision" means something else in Semantic Version specification so "patch" is used here instead.
+====
+
+[id="spec_msg_pfx_ver_flags"]
+====== Release Flag(s)
+
+[cols="^.^1m,^.^3",options="header"]
+|===
+| Length (Octets/Bytes) | Type
+| 1 | Byte/8-Bit Length Bitmask
+|===
+
+The *Release Flag(s)* field is the fourth byte in *Version*. It is not intended as an unsigned 8-bit integer but rather a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mask_(computing)[bitmasked^] byte.
+
+The collection of all flags is coalesced into a single byte on the wire -- an unsigned 8-bit integer -- with each flag occupying a single bit.
+
+The following flags are currently defined:
+
+.AnnNet Flags
+[cols="^.^1m,.^1m,^.^2",options="header"]
+|===
+| Integer ^.^| Flag | Name
+
+| 0 | ANET_NONE | None; stable release.
+| 1 | ANET_PREREL | Pre-release
+| 2 | ANET_UNSTABLE | Unstable
+| 4 | ANET_EXPERIMENT | Experimental
+|===
+
+Additionally, several "shorthand" flags are explicitly defined by the bit-wise ``OR``'d combination of other flags:
+
+.AnnNet Combined Flags
+[cols="^.^1m,.^1m,^.^3m,^.^2",options="header"]
+|===
+| Integer ^.^| Flag ^.^| Expression | Name
+
+| 3 | ANET_BETA | ANET_PREREL \| ANET_UNSTABLE | Beta release
+| 7 | ANET_ALPHA | ANET_BETA \| ANET_EXPERIMENT | Alpha release
+|===
+
+A flag's presence can be checked via a bit-wise `AND` against _flag_ being equal to _flag_.
+
+[%collapsible]
+.Example in Go
+=====
+.`hasflag.go`
+[source,go]
+----
+include::examples/hasflag.go[]
+----
+=====
+
+[id="spec_msg_pfx_len"]
+===== Payload Length
+
+[cols="^.^1m,^.^3",options="header"]
+|===
+| Length (Octets/Bytes) | Type
+| 4 | Big-Endian Unsigned 32-Bit Integer
+|===
+
+The *Payload Length* indicates the length of the <<spec_msg_payload>>, which is the arbitrary/implementation-specific data that follows the <<spec_msg_pfx>> (and thus the Payload Length is the last field in the Prefix).
+
+It *must* be the length of the entirety of the payload that follows (but *not* including the size of the Prefix).
+
+[NOTE]
+====
+`0` is a valid Payload Length, as is an empty <<spec_msg_payload>>. However, if Payload Length is specified as `0` but there *is* Payload data, that data must be considered *invalid* by listening implementations and _should not_ be read/__should be__ discarded (with the exception of *validation, testing, or abuse mitigation purposes*).
+====
+
+[id="spec_msg_payload"]
+==== Payload
+The *Payload* is the arbitrary data that follows the <<spec_msg_pfx>> in the <<spec_msg>>.
+
+It is an arbitrary length (specified/bounded by <<spec_msg_pfx_len>>) of payload data.
+
+[id="spec_link"]
+=== AnnNet Link
+*AnnNet Link* operates on OSI layer 2 as an https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EtherType[EtherType^] protocol.
+
+[WARNING]
+====
+For obvious reasons, this is not going to play well with other EtherTypes (e.g. VLAN/802.1Q tagging).
+
+Future versions of AnnNet may implement VLAN support.
+
+If VLAN support is added, it will be done so in a dedicated major release.
+====
+
+It _may_ send to either a directed MAC/physical address of a host *or* to the broadcast MAC/PHY__(sical)__ address `ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff`.
+Its source _must_ be the MAC/PHYS address of the network interface it is sending from.
+
+It *must not* traverse physical network boundaries (can't, really, since it's layer 2).
+
+It currently uses the `0x88b5` EtherType by default, as AnnNet is still in experimental stages and this EtherType is https://standards-oui.ieee.org/ethertype/eth.txt[reserved for prototyping^] per IEEE Std 802. (`0x88b6` is another viable option for your implementation, as it too is reserved by IEEE Std 802 for prototyping.) See also https://www.iana.org/assignments/ieee-802-numbers/ieee-802-numbers.xhtml#ieee-802-numbers-1[IANA's registration list^].
+
+If AnnNet is allocated a dedicated IEEE/IANA-registered EtherType, it will be implemented in a new major version release.
+
+The <<spec_msg, AnnNet Message>> follows the EtherType value immediately:
+
+.AnnNet Link Packet
+[cols="^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^2s"]
+|===
+3+| Ethernet II Header (14 Bytes) |
+| E:D | E:S | E:T | <<spec_msg, AnnNet Message>>
+|===
+
+Where:
+
+E:D:: Destination MAC/PHY__(sical)__ Address _(6 Bytes)_
+E:S:: Source MAC/PHY__(sical)__ Address _(6 Bytes)_
+E:T:: EtherType (`0x88b5` or `0x88b6`) _(2 Bytes)_
+
+[id="spec_bcast"]
+=== AnnNet Broadcast
+AnnNet Broadcast operates on layer 3, making use of <<spec_bcast_v4>> (EtherType `0x0800`) and/or <<spec_bcast_v6>> (EtherType `0x86dd`).
+
+[id="spec_bcast_v4"]
+==== IPv4
+If IPv4, the AnnNet Broadcast sender _may_ send to:
+
+* The IPv4 limited broadcast address `255.255.255.255/32` (RFC https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6890#section-2.2.2[6890 § 2.2.2^], https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8190#section-2.2[8190 § 2.2^])
+* Or a direct address of a host, IPv4 link-local (also known as __Automatic Private IP Addressing/APIPA__, https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3927[RFC 3927^]) or not.
+** The target host/network *must* not traverse organization boundary (e.g. *must not* be routed directly across the Internet).
+
+If using the `255.255.255.255/32` broadcast address, the source address *must* be a network-reachable address of the interface the message is sending from.
+
+If using any other address, the source address *must* be an address reachable by the network/host the message is being sent to.
+
+[id="spec_bcast_v4_msg"]
+===== Message Format
+
+The <<spec_msg, AnnNet Message>> follows the Options value immediately:
+
+.AnnNet Broadcast Packet, IPv4
+[cols="^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^2s"]
+|===
+3+| Ethernet II Header +
+(>= 14 Bytes) 14+| IP Header (20-60 Bytes) |
+3+| 2+| V/IHL +
+(1 Byte) 2+| D/E +
+(1 Byte) | | 2+| Fragmentation +
+(1 Byte) | | | | | | |
+
+| E:D | E:S | E:T | VI:V | VI:I | DE:D | DE:E | IP:L | IP:I | IP:F | IP:R | IP:T | IP:P | IP:C | IP:S | IP:D | IP:O | <<spec_msg, AnnNet Message>>
+|===
+
+Where:
+
+E:D:: Destination MAC/PHY__(sical)__ Address _(6 Bytes)_
+E:S:: Source MAC/PHY__(sical)__ Address _(6 Bytes)_
+E:T:: EtherType (`0x86dd`) _(>= 2 Bytes; may be prefixed with VLAN information etc.)_
+VI:V:: Version _(4 Bits; see <<xtra_bitpacked_vihl,Addendum>>)_
+VI:I:: Internet Header Length _(4 Bits; see <<xtra_bitpacked_vihl,Addendum>>)_
+DE:D:: DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point; QoS/traffic class) _(6 Bits; see <<xtra_bitpacked_de,Addendum>>)_
+DE:E:: ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) _(2 Bits; see <<xtra_bitpacked_de,Addendum>>)_
+IP:L:: Total size of IP header + payload (not to be confused with <<spec_msg_pfx_len>>) _(2 Bytes)_
+IP:I:: Identification (used in fragmentation) _(2 Bytes)_
+IP:F:: IP Flags _(3 bits; see <<xtra_bitpacked_frag,Addendum>>)_
+IP:R:: Fragmentation Offset _(13 Bits; see <<xtra_bitpacked_frag,Addendum>>)_
+IP:T:: TTL _(1 Byte)_
+IP:P:: <<spec_bcast_protonum, IP/Transport Protocol Number>> _(1 Byte)_
+IP:C:: Header Checksum (RFC https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1071[1071^], https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1071[1141^], https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1624[1624^]) _(2 Bytes)_
+IP:S:: Source IPv4 Address _(32 Bits/4 Bytes)_
+IP:D:: Destination IPv4 Address _(32 Bits/4 Bytes)_
+IP:O:: Options (Optional) (See the https://www.iana.org/assignments/ip-parameters/ip-parameters.xhtml[IANA Registered IP Parameters^] for details) _(Variable Length)_
+
+[id="spec_bcast_v6"]
+==== IPv6
+If IPv6, the AnnNet Broadcast sender _may_ send to:
+
+* The multicast addresses (``ff0__x__``) with the following scopes (`scop`) (RFC https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3513#section-2.7[3513 § 2.7^], https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.7[4291 § 2.7^], https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7346#section-2[7346 § 2], see also https://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv6-multicast-addresses/ipv6-multicast-addresses.xhtml[IANA IPv6 Multicast Registry^])
+** *except* as reserved by other IANA/IETF/IESG-recognized protocols (i.e. `OSPFIGP`, `NDP`, et. al.):
+*** Scope `1` (`0x0001`), _Interface-Local_
+*** Scope `2` (`0x0002`), _Link-Local_
+*** Scope `4` (`0x0004`), _Admin-Local_
+*** Scope `5` (`0x0005`), _Site-Local_
+*** Scope `8` (`0x0008`), _Organization-Local_
+** A generally safe address would be `ff02::1` (_All Nodes, Link-Local_) but refer to https://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv6-multicast-addresses/ipv6-multicast-addresses.xhtml[the IANA registry^] to select the most appropriate multicast address(es).
+* Or a direct IPv6 Link-Local Address (LLA) of a host (RFC https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3513#section-2.5.6[3513 § 2.5.6^], https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3927[3927^], https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.6[4291 § 2.5.6^], https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7404[7404^] _(tangentially)_)
+* Or a direct IPv6 Unique Local Address (ULA) of a host (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4193[RFC 4193^])
+
+If using a multicast address, the source address *must* be a network-reachable address of the interface the message is sending from.
+
+If using any other address, the source address *must* be an address reachable by the network/host the message is being sent to.
+
+[id="spec_bcast_v6_msg"]
+===== Message Format
+
+The <<spec_msg, AnnNet Message>> follows the Destination Address value immediately:
+
+.AnnNet Broadcast Packet, IPv6
+[cols="^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^1s,^.^2s"]
+|===
+3+| Ethernet II Header +
+(>= 14 Bytes) 8+| IP Header (40 Bytes) |
+3+| 3+| V/TC/Flow (4 Bytes) 6+|
+
+| E:D | E:S | E:T | VTF:V | VTF:T | VTF:F | IP:L | IP:N | IP:H | IP:S | IP:D | <<spec_msg, AnnNet Message>>
+|===
+
+Where:
+
+E:D:: Destination MAC/PHY__(sical)__ Address _(6 Bytes)_
+E:S:: Source MAC/PHY__(sical)__ Address _(6 Bytes)_
+E:T:: EtherType (`0x86dd`) _(>= 2 Bytes; may be prefixed with VLAN information etc.)_
+VTF:V:: Version _(4 Bits; see <<xtra_bitpacked_vtf,Addendum>>)_
+VTF:T:: Traffic Class _(8 Bits)_ _(*not* 1 Byte; see <<xtra_bitpacked_vtf,Addendum>>)_
+VTF:F:: Flow Label _(20 bits; see <<xtra_bitpacked,Addendum>>)_
+IP:L:: IP Payload Length (not to be confused with <<spec_msg_pfx_len>>) _(2 Bytes)_
+IP:N:: <<spec_bcast_protonum, Next Header>> (transport protocol number) _(1 Byte)_
+IP:H:: Hop Limit _(1 Byte)_
+IP:S:: Source IPv6 Address _(128 Bits/16 Bytes)_
+IP:D:: Destination IPv6 Address _(128 Bits/16 Bytes)_
+
+[id="spec_bcast_protonum"]
+==== Internet Protocol Number
+AnnNet currently uses the __IPv4 protocol__/__IPv6 Next Header__ protocol number `253` (`0xfd`) by default, as AnnNet is still in experimental stages and this protocol is https://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers/protocol-numbers.xhtml[reserved for experimentation^] per IANA. (`254`, `0xfe`, is another viable option for your implementation as it too is reserved by IANA for experimentation.)
+
+If AnnNet is allocated a dedicated IANA-registered Protocol/Next Header, it will be implemented in a new major version release.
+
+[id="limits"]
+== Limitations
+. AnnNet messages *must* fit into a single frame on the network it is being sent/received on. If message continuation or longer messages are wanted/desired, then it is up to the implementer to add a mechanism for this within their implementation's payload.
+
+.. Likewise for checksumming; while most NICs will automatically handle the standard CRC32 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame_check_sequence[Frame Check Sequence^] at the end of the entire frame (AnnNet Link is still Ethernet II), if you require checksumming within your application for *payloads* it must be accounted for by your application. If you are using hardware that doesn't automatically append/strip the FCS, your application must also account for that as well.
+
+.. For AnnNet Broadcast over IPv4, ensure that you are including the 16-bit https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_checksum["Internet checksum"^] of the header (see RFCs https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1071[1071^], https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1141[1141^], and https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1624[1624^]). +
+Most kernels can/will automatically insert this (e.g. on Linux, with `IPPROTO_RAW`/raw sockets with the `IP_HDRINCL` option, see https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/raw.7.html[`raw(7)`^]), but if your implementation doesn't/can't use such a mechanism then you must do so yourself. +
+IPv6 does not require a header checksum.
+
+[id="fq"]
+== (F)AQ/FUQ (Anticipated, Frequently Asked/Anticipated/Unasked Questions)
+
+[id="fq_tcpip"]
+=== Why do you reference the OSI model instead of the TCP/IP model? It's old/outdated/inaccurate.
+Hold onto your seat.
+
+Several reasons:
+
+. The OSI model is standardized. There is only a *single*, *canonical*, *authoritative* "OSI model" when it comes to network models.
++
+References are unambiguous. Boundaries between layers and their definitions are *mostly* clear. (And the ISO/IEC provides supplementals for any ambiguities that arise over the years.)
++
+As for "the TCP/IP model", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite#Layering_evolution_and_representations_in_the_literature[which one are you referring to^]?
++
+There's no less than *seven different models* that are referred to as "_**the** TCP/IP model_". (The linked-to article doesn't even mention e.g. the DoD model.) And they're all different in ways enough to make this confusing.
+
+. The OSI model is more nuanced and detailed.
++
+When one is talking about *IP protocols* and *service protocols* in the _same context_, things get very confusing very quickly. One can say "protocol" and it can apply to either ambiguously.
++
+If instead one says "L2 protocol" or "layer 2 protocol" it's immediately clear that it operates without (IP) addressing, or "L3 protocol"/"layer 3 protocol" and it's immediately clear that a protocol that DOES use (IP) addressing is being referenced.
+
+[id="fq_proto"]
+=== Why Shouldn't I Use AnnNet for Regular Traffic?
+On a purely technical level, there's nothing *stopping* you from doing so (aside from MTU windows, so you'd need to find some way of implementing message continuation, ordering, checksumming, etc. -- at that point, just use UDP multicast or something else).
+
+But AnnNet is designed to be a lightweight announcement protocol for a _local_ (i.e. within the same subnet/link system) network.
+
+It is designed to act like e.g.:
+
+* https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc826[_An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol ..._^] (`ARP`)
+* https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4861[_Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6)_^] (`ND`)
+* Lease requests for:
+** https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2131[_Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol_^] (`DHCP`)
+** https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8415[_Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6_ (`DHCPv6`)^]
+
+etc., but with (very small amounts of) *arbitrary data* making it "plug-and-play" with >= L3 protocols/services' configuration.
+
+It explicitly avoids defining any formation of payloads, message format, or the like -- because it is designed to be entirely agnostic of whatever use case it is implemented for.
+
+However, AnnNet *strongly encourages* the use of https://wireproto.io/[WireProto^] for payload packing due to its minimal overhead, its strong hierarchical structuring, and its flexibility.
+
+[WARNING]
+====
+Future versions of AnnNet **may _require_** use of WireProto (but WireProto itself is a very loose and flexible format, and would not add much overhead).
+
+If this requirement is put in place, it will be in its own major revision.
+====
+
+If one needs a much more robust solution for anything *beyond* e.g. announcement messages, https://nats.io/[NATS^] may be useful for actual messaging between *known* members. (AnnNet would then be used in this case to provide a mechanism for _making members known/discovered_ with no explicit configuration.) +
+[NOTE]
+====
+NATS also does not define any sort of payload format in its *encapsulated* payloads; most implementations tend to use https://protobuf.dev/[ProtoBuf/Protocol Buffers^], https://msgpack.org/index.html[MessagePack^], JSON, or the like.
+====
+
+[id="xtra"]
+== Addendum/Errata/Administrivia
+
+[id="xtra_bitpacked"]
+=== Bitpacked Fields
+Certain fields in IP headers are less than 1 byte or don't align to a clean byte boundary on their own, and therefore generally require bitwise operations to read/encapsulate meaningful values within them.
+
+[id="xtra_bitpacked_vihl"]
+==== IP Version, IHL (IPv4)
+The IP version and IHL combined make up a single byte, with four-byte "nibbles" each.
+
+[NOTE]
+====
+The IHL is calculated as the number of "32-bit words" in the IP header.
+
+In other words, `IHL = (B * 8) / 32` (where `B` is the size of the IP header -- everything from "VI:V" to "IP:O" inclusive in <<spec_bcast_v4_msg>> -- in *bytes*).
+
+Or, alternatively, `IHL = b / 32` (where `b` is the size of the IP header -- everything from "VI:V" to "IP:O" inclusive in <<spec_bcast_v4_msg>> -- in *bits*).
+
+Since the V/IHL is a fixed size, this does *not* cause a recursion/chicken-egg problem.
+====
+
+To *create* the Version/IHL value, the Version (*always* `4` because IPv4) is packed as a big-endian 8-bit unsigned integer, and is then bit-shifted to the left by 4 bits and bitwise-``OR``'d with the IHL (as a big-endian 8-bit unsigned integer bitwise-`AND`-masked to the lower bits via `0x0f`/`15`).
+
+To *retrieve* the Version and IHL, the value is bit-shifted to the *right* by 4 bits and cast as an 8-bit unsigned integer (this is the Version, `4`), and the original value is also bitwise-``AND``'d with the lower bits via `0x0f` (`15`) and cast as an unsigned 8-bit integer to get the IHL.
+
+[%collapsible]
+.Example in Go
+====
+[source,go]
+----
+include::examples/vihl.go[]
+----
+====
+
+[id="xtra_bitpacked_de"]
+==== DSCP, ECN (IPv4)
+The DSCP and ECN fields are combined to make up a single byte with a 6-bit and 2-bit "nibble" each, respectively.
+
+[NOTE]
+====
+The actual values for DSCP and ECN are sort of scattered about through several different RFCs.
+
+Notable DSCP mentions are:
+
+* https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2474#section-4.2.2.1[RFC 2474 § 4.2.2.1^]
+* https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2475[RFC 2475^]
+* https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8837#section-5[RFC 8837 § 5^]
+
+Notable ECN mentions are:
+
+* https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3168[RFC 3168^]
+* https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6040[RFC 6040^]
+* https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8311[RFC 8311^]
+====
+
+[%collapsible]
+.Example in Go
+====
+[source,go]
+----
+include::examples/de.go[]
+----
+====
+
+[id="xtra_bitpacked_frag"]
+==== Flags, Fragmentation Offset (IPv4)
+The (Fragmentation) Flags and Fragmentation Offset fields are combined to make up 2 bytes with a 3-bit and 13-bit "nibble"/"word" each, respectively.
+
+The Fragmentation Flags and Offset are defined in https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc791#section-3.1[RFC 791 § 3.1^] and part of https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc815[RFC 815^].
+
+[%collapsible]
+.Example in Go
+====
+[source,go]
+----
+include::examples/frag.go[]
+----
+====
+
+[id="xtra_bitpacked_vtf"]
+==== IP Version, Traffic Class, Flow Label (IPv6)
+IPv6 thankfully only has one bitpacking in the header. Unfortunately, it's a triple-whammy.
+
+These are mostly defined in:
+
+* https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8200#section-3[RFC 8200 § 3^] for the header format
+* https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8200#section-7[RFC 8200 § 7^] for the Traffic Class field
+* https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8200#section-6[RFC 8200 § 6^] for the Flow Label field
+
+The IP Version takes up 4 bits (just as in IPv4, except it will always be `6` this time), the Traffic Class field takes up 8 bits, and Flow Labels takes up 20 bits for a total of 32 bits (4 bytes).
+
+[%collapsible]
+.Example in Go
+====
+[source,go]
+----
+include::examples/vtf.go[]
+----
+====
diff --git a/examples/de.go b/examples/de.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c291505
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/de.go
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	`fmt`
+	`log`
+	"strconv"
+)
+
+const (
+	/*
+		This is a nonsensical example.
+		The actual values are sort of scattered around a multitude of RFCs.
+	*/
+	deBits string = "01010101" // [0101 0101], or 85 (0x55)
+)
+
+var (
+	deLowerMask uint8 = 0x03 // 3
+)
+
+func ToDE(dscp, ecn uint8) (de byte) {
+
+	de = (dscp << 2) | (ecn & deLowerMask)
+
+	return
+}
+
+func FromDE(de byte) (dscp, ecn uint8) {
+
+	dscp = de >> 2
+	ecn = de & deLowerMask
+
+	return
+}
+
+func main() {
+
+	var err error
+	var u64 uint64
+	var de byte
+	var dscp uint8
+	var ecn uint8
+
+	// Given a D/E of deBits (see const at top)...
+	if u64, err = strconv.ParseUint(deBits, 2, 8); err != nil {
+		log.Panicln(err)
+	}
+	de = uint8(u64)
+	// Prints:
+	/*
+		D/E is:		85 (0x55)
+	*/
+	fmt.Printf("D/E is:\t\t%d (%#02x)\n", de, de)
+
+	dscp, ecn = FromDE(de)
+	// Prints:
+	/*
+		DSCP:		21 (0x15)
+		ECN:		1 (0x01)
+	*/
+	fmt.Printf(
+		"DSCP:\t\t%d (%#02x)\n"+
+			"ECN:\t\t%d (%#02x)\n",
+		dscp, dscp,
+		ecn, ecn,
+	)
+
+	de = ToDE(dscp, ecn)
+	// Prints:
+	/*
+		Confirmed D/E:	85 (0x55)
+	*/
+	fmt.Printf("Confirmed D/E:\t%d (%#02x)\n", de, de)
+}
diff --git a/examples/extractversion.go b/examples/extractversion.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09242ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/extractversion.go
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+const (
+	posMajor int = 1 + iota
+	posMinor
+	posPatch
+	posRelFlag
+)
+
+var (
+	singleValVer      uint32
+	singleValVerBytes []byte = []byte{
+		0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, // A version of 1.2.3 with the PreRelease release flag enabled
+	}
+	ord binary.ByteOrder = binary.BigEndian
+)
+
+func main() {
+
+	var verVal uint8
+
+	singleValVer = ord.Uint32(singleValVerBytes)
+
+	// fmt's Printf, for some silly reason, strips leading 0's from hex formatting unless you explicitly pad or align precision.
+	fmt.Printf("%d\n%#.8x\n", singleValVer, singleValVer)
+	// Prints:
+	/*
+		16909057
+		0x01020301
+	*/
+
+	/*
+		The individual versions can be fetched by the following. This comment is an explanation of the condensed form below in code.
+
+		1. n = 8 * i // i is the version component you want. See the pos* constants at the top. 8 to align to a byte (8 bits).
+		2. offset = 32 - n // 32 because singleValVar is a uint32 (and thus 4 bytes, or 32 bits, in memory).
+		3. cmp = singleValVer >> offset // Shift to the bit offset we're interested in.
+		4. val32 = cmp & 0xff // It's then AND'd with 0xff (256) to get the set bits -- but still a uint32, so
+		5. verVal = uint8(val32)
+	*/
+
+	// For example:
+	for i, verNm := range map[int]string{
+		posMajor:   "Major",
+		posMinor:   "Minor",
+		posPatch:   "Patch",
+		posRelFlag: "Release Flag(s)",
+	} {
+		verVal = uint8((singleValVer >> (32 - (8 * i))) & 0xff)
+		fmt.Printf("%s: %d (%#02x)\n", verNm, verVal, verVal)
+	}
+	// Prints:
+	/*
+		Major: 1 (0x01)
+		Minor: 2 (0x02)
+		Patch: 3 (0x03)
+		Release Flag(s): 1 (0x01)
+	*/
+}
diff --git a/examples/frag.go b/examples/frag.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94505af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/frag.go
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	`fmt`
+	`log`
+	"strconv"
+)
+
+const (
+	/*
+		This is a nonsensical example.
+	*/
+	fragBits string = "0101010101000100" // [0101 0101 0100 0100], or 21828 (0x5544)
+)
+
+var (
+	fragOffset     uint16 = 0x000d // 13
+	fragFlagMask   uint16 = 0x07   // 0b0000111 to mask 3 bits
+	fragOffsetMask uint16 = 0x1fff // 8191, a 13-bit mask
+)
+
+func ToFrag(flags, fo uint16) (frag uint16) {
+
+	frag = (flags << fragOffset) | (fo & fragOffsetMask)
+
+	return
+}
+
+func FromFrag(frag uint16) (flags, fo uint16) {
+
+	flags = (frag >> fragOffset) & fragFlagMask
+	fo = frag & fragOffsetMask
+
+	return
+}
+
+func main() {
+
+	var err error
+	var u64 uint64
+	var frag uint16
+	var flags uint16
+	var fo uint16
+
+	// Given a fragmentation configuration of fragBits (see const at top)...
+	if u64, err = strconv.ParseUint(fragBits, 2, 16); err != nil {
+		log.Panicln(err)
+	}
+	frag = uint16(u64)
+	// Prints:
+	/*
+		Frag is:		21828 (0x5544)
+	*/
+	fmt.Printf("Frag is:\t\t%d (%#04x)\n", frag, frag)
+
+	flags, fo = FromFrag(frag)
+	// Prints:
+	/*
+		Flags:			2 (0x0002)
+		Fragmentation Offset:	5444 (0x1544)
+	*/
+	fmt.Printf(
+		"Flags:\t\t\t%d (%#04x)\n"+
+			"Fragmentation Offset:\t%d (%#04x)\n",
+		flags, flags,
+		fo, fo,
+	)
+
+	frag = ToFrag(flags, fo)
+	// Prints:
+	/*
+		Confirmed Frag:		21828 (0x5544)
+	*/
+	fmt.Printf("Confirmed Frag:\t\t%d (%#02x)\n", frag, frag)
+}
diff --git a/examples/hasflag.go b/examples/hasflag.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2f7292
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/hasflag.go
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+const anetNone uint8 = 0
+const (
+	anetPreRel uint8 = 1 << iota
+	anetUnstable
+	anetExperiment
+
+	anetBeta  = anetPreRel | anetUnstable
+	anetAlpha = anetBeta | anetExperiment
+)
+
+var (
+	// In Golang, a byte is exactly equivalent to a uint8.
+	// Use the same value extracted in the example `extractversion.go`.
+	// A value of 0x01 (1) indicates Pre-Release flag is set, with no other myFlags set.
+	myFlags byte = 0x01
+)
+
+func main() {
+
+	fmt.Printf("Flags:\t%d\t%#02x\n\n", myFlags, myFlags)
+	// Prints:
+	/*
+		Flags:  1       0x01
+
+	*/
+
+	for flag, flagNm := range map[uint8]string{
+		anetPreRel:     "Pre-release",
+		anetUnstable:   "Unstable",
+		anetExperiment: "Experimental",
+		anetBeta:       "Beta release",
+		anetAlpha:      "Alpha release",
+	} {
+		fmt.Printf(
+			"Has flag '%s' (%d, %#02x):\t%v\n\n",
+			flagNm, flag, flag, myFlags&flag == flag,
+		)
+	}
+	// Prints:
+	/*
+		Flags:  1       0x01
+
+		Has flag 'Pre-release' (1, 0x01):       true
+
+		Has flag 'Unstable' (2, 0x02):  false
+
+		Has flag 'Experimental' (4, 0x04):      false
+
+		Has flag 'Beta release' (3, 0x03):      false
+
+		Has flag 'Alpha release' (7, 0x07):     false
+	*/
+}
diff --git a/examples/vihl.go b/examples/vihl.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..338e07e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/vihl.go
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	`fmt`
+	`log`
+	"strconv"
+)
+
+const (
+	vihlBits string = "01000101" // [0100 0101], or 69 (0x45)
+	ipVer    uint8  = 0x04       // 4; unused in this program, but represented for completion's sake.
+)
+
+var (
+	vihlLowerMask uint8 = 0x0f // 15
+)
+
+func ToVIHL(ver, ihl uint8) (vihl byte) {
+
+	// In Go, a byte is exactly equal to a uint8
+	// so type casting/conversion is unnecessary here.
+	vihl = (ver << 4) | (ihl & vihlLowerMask)
+
+	return
+}
+
+func FromVIHL(vihl byte) (ver, ihl uint8) {
+
+	ver = vihl >> 4
+	ihl = vihl & vihlLowerMask
+
+	return
+}
+
+func main() {
+
+	var err error
+	var u64 uint64
+	var vihl byte
+	var ver uint8
+	var ihl uint8
+
+	// Given a V/IHL of vihlBits (see const at top)...
+	if u64, err = strconv.ParseUint(vihlBits, 2, 8); err != nil {
+		log.Panicln(err)
+	}
+	vihl = uint8(u64)
+	// Prints:
+	/*
+		V/IHL is:		69 (0x45)
+	*/
+	fmt.Printf("V/IHL is:\t\t%d (%#02x)\n", vihl, vihl)
+
+	ver, ihl = FromVIHL(vihl)
+	// Prints:
+	/*
+		Version:		4 (0x04)
+		IHL:			5 (0x05)
+	*/
+	fmt.Printf(
+		"Version:\t\t%d (%#02x)\n"+
+			"IHL:\t\t\t%d (%#02x)\n",
+		ver, ver,
+		ihl, ihl,
+	)
+
+	vihl = ToVIHL(ver, ihl)
+	// Prints:
+	/*
+		Confirmed V/IHL:	69 (0x45)
+	*/
+	fmt.Printf("Confirmed V/IHL:\t%d (%#02x)\n", vihl, vihl)
+}
diff --git a/examples/vtf.go b/examples/vtf.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdde1e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/vtf.go
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	`fmt`
+	`log`
+	"strconv"
+)
+
+const (
+	/*
+		This is a nonsensical example.
+	*/
+	vtfBits string = "01100000000000000000000000000000" // [0110 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000], or 1610612736 (0x60000000)
+)
+
+var (
+	vtfVOffset   uint32 = 0x0000001c // 28
+	vtfVFlagMask uint32 = 0x0000000f // Mask to 4 bits
+
+	vtfTOffset   uint32 = 0x00000014 // 20
+	vtfTFlagMask uint32 = 0x000000ff // mask to 8 bits
+
+	vtfFlowMask uint32 = 0x0000ffff
+)
+
+func ToVTF(ver, tc, flow uint32) (vtf uint32) {
+
+	vtf = (ver << vtfVOffset) | (tc << vtfTOffset) | (flow & vtfFlowMask)
+
+	return
+}
+
+func FromVTF(vtf uint32) (ver, tc, flow uint32) {
+
+	ver = (vtf >> vtfVOffset) & vtfVFlagMask
+	tc = (vtf >> vtfTOffset) & vtfTFlagMask
+	flow = vtf & vtfFlowMask
+
+	return
+}
+
+func main() {
+
+	var err error
+	var u64 uint64
+	var vtf uint32
+	var ver uint32
+	var tc uint32
+	var flow uint32
+
+	// Given a fragmentation configuration of vtfBits (see const at top)...
+	if u64, err = strconv.ParseUint(vtfBits, 2, 32); err != nil {
+		log.Panicln(err)
+	}
+	vtf = uint32(u64)
+	// Prints:
+	/*
+		VTF is:			1610612736 (0x60000000)
+	*/
+	fmt.Printf("VTF is:\t\t\t%d (%#04x)\n", vtf, vtf)
+
+	ver, tc, flow = FromVTF(vtf)
+	// Prints:
+	/*
+		VTF is:			1610612736 (0x60000000)
+		Version:		6 (0x0006)
+		Traffic Class:	0 (0x0000)
+		Flow Label:		0 (0x0000)
+	*/
+	fmt.Printf(
+		"Version:\t\t%d (%#04x)\n"+
+			"Traffic Class:\t\t%d (%#04x)\n"+
+			"Flow Label:\t\t%d (%#04x)\n",
+		ver, ver,
+		tc, tc,
+		flow, flow,
+	)
+
+	vtf = ToVTF(ver, tc, flow)
+	// Prints:
+	/*
+		Confirmed V/T/F:	1610612736 (0x60000000)
+	*/
+	fmt.Printf("Confirmed V/T/F:\t%d (%#02x)\n", vtf, vtf)
+}